不定式
不定式
不定-------不具体
不定代词 someone every each both
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。
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主 |
谓 |
宾 |
定 |
状 |
补 |
表 |
同 |
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1、 主语
To help those who don’t do well in exam is my duty.
2、宾语
I want to have something to drink.
3、状语
They are coming to see us.(目的状语)
4、表语
That is to say.那就是说。
5、宾语补语
He asks me to help her.
Have him (to) return my call.
口诀：注意、多看，找感觉，三“使”两“听”，帮她买
notice; see watch look at; feel; let make have; hear listen to; help 10.5
汉译英：
1、主语 帮自己的妈妈打扫房间是我每周要做一次的事情。
To help my mom clean the house is what (the thing) I should do once a week.
2、宾语 睡觉之前别忘了关灯和电视机。
Don’t forget to turn off the light and TV before you go to bed.
3、状语 多数人学英语口语为的是出国留学。
Most people learn oral English to go abroad for further education
4、表语 要下雨了。It is to rain.
5、宾语补语 在夜里，我看着他伤心地离去。
At night, I watched him leave sadly.
6、后置定语 我想弄点东西吃。
I want to have something to eat.
不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to + 动词原形”。
to do
not to work
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
to does----------to be done
What is to be done?怎么办？
to have done
not to works
不定式的逻辑主语有时有“for + 名词或代词宾格”构成。It is very difficult for me to lift the stone.
To lift the stone is very difficult.
1．不定式的用法
1）作主语。不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式宾语。如：
To see is to believe.
It is right to give up smoking.
2）作宾语。不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。如：
He wanted to go.
I find to study history interesting. X
I find it interesting to study history.
有些动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语，有的动词必须跟动名词。如：decide，plan，desire，expect，hope, wish，pretend，promise，refuse，afford，agree，ask，fail，tend，pretend，manage
3）作宾语补足语。如：
He asked me to do the work with him.
注意：在feel，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。如：
I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
注意：动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。另外，在can’t choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如：
but与to势不两立
She could do nothing but cry.
I have no choice but go.
4）作定语。如：
I have some books for you to read.
①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：
He is looking for a room to live in.
live in the room
There is nothing to worry about.
worry about something
Please give me a knife to cut with.
cut with the knife
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：
He had not money and no place to live.
②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you anything to send ?
（你有什么东西要寄吗？——不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”）
Have you anything to be sent?
[你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？——不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”]
5）作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。如：
I came here to see you. （目的）
We were very excited to hear the news. （原因）
He hurried to the school to find nobody there. （结果）
To look at him, you would like him. （条件）
目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示但so as to不能置于句首。如：
In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard.
We ran all the way so as not to be late.
不定式也可以在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。如：
I am very glad to hear it.
The question is difficult to answer.
The question to answer is difficult. (后置定语)
To answer the question is difficult. （主语）
