祈使句的直接引语变间接引语

 

表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth 　　

当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb (not) to do sth 　　

当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb (not) to do sth 　　

当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb (not) to do sth

 

1. “Put your coat in the closet,”the landlord said to him.

   The landlord told him to put his coat in the closet.

2. The father said to his children,“Don't move!”

  The father ordered his children not to move.

从以上两个句子可以看出：例句1是表示“请求”的口气；例句2是表示“命令”的口气。

 

由此看来，当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等转述动词，形成三种结构：①表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask sb. to do sth.; ②表示叫、吩咐某人做某事时用tell sb. to do sth.; ③表示命令某人做某事时用order sb. (not) to do sth.。例如： 

①She said to us, “Please have a rest.” →She asked us to have a rest. 

②The old man said, “Don't smoke in the hall.”→The old man told me not to smoke in the hall. 

③The officer said, “Go away.” →The officer ordered us to go away. 

注意：当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，因为祈使句表示“请求”、“命令”等口气，所以祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化。但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。例如：

One of the doctors said, “Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Bethune.”

One of the doctors asked Dr. Bethune to let him go on with the operation.

不知道同学们注意到没有，该句直接引语中有个称呼语Dr. Bethune，一般把它当作宾语用。再如： 

“Go and wash your face, Tom,” Mother said.

Mother told(ordered) Tom to go and wash his face.

顺便提一下，祈使句的间接引语变直接引语也应该遵循陈述句间接引语变直接引语的方法。例如： Wei Fang asked him to give it to her. →“Give it to me, please,” Wei Fang said to him. 

只要同学们认真记住以上三种祈使句直接引语变间接引语的基本结构，相信同学们一定能学会祈使句的直接引语变间接引语。 

 

变下列直接引语为间接引语。 

1.“Stop talking!”the monitor said to the class.

    ____________________________________

  

2. “Repeat it three times,” the teacher said to her.

    ____________________________________

 

3. “Will you buy some bread for me?” he said to her.

 

    ____________________________________

 

4.“Don't take off your coat,” she said to her sister.

 

    ____________________________________

  

5. “Stay here!” the officer said to the soldier.

 

    ____________________________________

  

填空完成间接引语，每空一词。

 

6. “Don't forget to give the message to my wife,” he said to Li Ping.

 

    He _______ Li Ping _______  _______  forget to give the message to _______ wife.

 

7. “Mum, please help me find my shirt,” he said.

 

    He _______  his mother _______  help _______ find _______  shirt.

 

8. “Use your knife to cut the boots open,” the officer said to the guard.

 

    The officer _______  the guard  _______  _______  _______ knife to cut the boots open.

 

9. “Don't spend too much time on football!” Mother said to me.

 

    Mother _______  me  _______  _______  _______ too much time on football.

 

10. “Will you sleep and get up early, children?” Father said.

 

    Father _______  the children _______  _______  and _______  up early.